Determination of Heavy Metals in Henna Leaves and  Cosmetic Henna Products Available in Zliten, Libya

Ismail A. Ajaj; wafaa Amhimmid; Hala Ismail; Tahani Al-Arabi; Khawla Al-Oraibi

doi:10.54172/mjsc.v37i2.372

Authors

Ismail A. Ajaj Chemistry Department, Alasmarya University , Zliten, Libya
wafaa Amhimmid Chemistry Department, Azzaytuna, University, Tarhuna Libya
Hala Ismail Chemistry Department, Alasmarya University , Zliten, Libya
Tahani Al-Arabi Chemistry Department, Alasmarya University , Zliten, Libya
Khawla Al-Oraibi Chemistry Department, Alasmarya University , Zliten, Libya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54172/mjsc.v37i2.372

Keywords:

Heavy metal, Henna leaves, Henna Products, Toxic levels

Abstract

Henna is widely used by Libyan women as a cosmetic, which may contain lead (pb), cadmium (Cd) and other toxic heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to determine heavy metal content of seven henna products, imported and locally produced in Zliten, Libya. An analytical method was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). In terms of heavy metal content determination, the results revealed a significant difference between henna leaves and cosmetic henna samples. The premixed henna sample H2 had the highest heavy metal concentrations with a high level of lead (6.952ppm), exceeding the WHO's maximum limit and the (ASEAN) Guidelines on Limits of Contaminants for Cosmetics Heavy metal maximum limits, Lead (Pb) is 1 ppm. Nickel (Ni) levels in (H4=5.201ppm) and (H6=2.023ppm ) henna samples were found to be above the WHO's limit of 1.68ppm. The results indicated that such cosmetics expose consumers to high levels of Pb and Cu, and hence to potential health risks. Thus, investigating the sources and effects of heavy metals in such cosmetics is strongly advised.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aktas Sukuroglu, A., Battal, D., & Burgaz, S. (2017). Monitoring of Lawsone, p‐phenylenediamine and heavy metals in commercial temporary black henna tattoos sold in Turkey. Contact dermatitis, 76(2), 89-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.12702

Alissa, E. M., & Ferns, G. A. (2011). Heavy metal poisoning and cardiovascular disease. Journal of toxicology, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/870125

Bobaker, A. M., Alakili, I., Sarmani, S. B., Al-Ansari, N., & Yaseen, Z. M. (2019). Determination and assessment of the toxic heavy metal elements abstracted from the traditional plant cosmetics and medical remedies: case study of Libya. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(11), 1957. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111957

Borowska, S., & Brzóska, M. M. (2015). Metals in cosmetics: implications for human health. Journal of applied toxicology, 35(6), 551-572. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.3129

Chaudhary, G., Goyal, S., & Poonia, P. (2010). Lawsonia inermis Linnaeus: a phytopharmacological review. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res, 2(2), 91-98.

Control, C. f. D., & Prevention. (2005). Preventing lead poisoning in young children. http://www. cdc. gov/nceh/lead/Publications/PrevLeadPoisoning. pdf.

DeLeo, V. A. (2006). p-Phenylenediamine. Dermatitis, 17(2), 53-55.

Fahad, A. S. (2016). Henna beyond skin arts: literatures review.

Gevrenova, R. (2010). Determination of natural colorants in plant extracts by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 75(7), 903-915. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC091027071G

Kang, I. J., & Lee, M. H. (2006). Quantification of para‐phenylenediamine and heavy metals in henna dye. Contact dermatitis, 55(1), 26-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00845.x

Khattak, M. I., & Khattak, M. I. (2011). Study of heavy trace metals in some medicinal–herbal plants of Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot, 43(4), 2003-2009.

Kollmeier, H., Seemann, J., Wittig, P., Rothe, G., & Müller, K.-M. (1990). Cadmium in human lung tissue. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 62(5), 373-377. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00381367

Krejpcio, Z. (2001). Essentiality of chromium for human nutrition and health. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 10(6), 399-404.

Kumar, K. S., & Kathireswari, P. (2016). Biological synthesis of Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPS) by Lawsonia inermis (Henna) plant aqueous extract and its antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 5(3), 926-937. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.503.107

Ozbek, N. (2018). Elemental analysis of henna samples by MP AES. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society, Section A: Chemistry, 5(2), 857-868. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.423820

Popoola, O., Bisi-Johnson, M., Abiodun, A., & Ibeh, O. (2013). Heavy metal content and antimicrobial activities of some naturally occurring facial cosmetics in Nigeria. Ife journal of science, 15(3), 637-644.

Singh, M., Jindal, S., Kavia, Z., Jangid, B., & Khem, C. (2005). Traditional methods of cultivation and processing of henna. Henna, cultivation, improvement and trade, 21-34.

Swift, J. A. (1997). Fundamentals of human hair science. Micelle Press.

Umar, M., & Caleb, H. (2013). Analysis of metals in some cosmetic products in FCT-Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Cosmetic Science, 3(2), 14-18.

Zafar Alam, M., SMS, Z., Khan, U., Obaid, A., Sarwat, J., Aftab, S., Rabail, Z., & Misbah, Z. (2009). Kohl [SURMA]: retrospect and prospect.