Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Small Ruminants Assayed by The Rose Bengal Test, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar Libya

Nawara M. B.  Eissa; Khaled M. A.  Hussin; A. H.  Nimir; Aiman M.  Arhaim

doi:10.54172/mjsc.v32i1.121

Authors

Nawara M. B. Eissa Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Bayda, Libya
Khaled M. A. Hussin Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Bayda, Libya.
A. H. Nimir Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Bayda, Libya.
Aiman M. Arhaim Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Bayda, Libya.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54172/mjsc.v32i1.121

Keywords:

Rose Bengal test, Small ruminants, brucellosis

Abstract

This study aimed at determining the prevalence of anti- Brucella antibodies in small ruminants in Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar area, Libya. Nine regions were selected for the investigation (Al- Goba, Al- Wasata, Side Kahled, Lamloda, Al-Hesha, Marawa, Al-Gagab, Gandola and Ain Mara). Seroprevalence was assayed using the Rose – Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). Four hundred blood samples were collected randomly from 247 sheep and 153 goats with a history of abortion and reproductive disorders, during the period from January 2015 to June 2016. Approximately 10 ml blood sample was taken from each animal, in vacutainers. Serum samples were separated and subjected to examination by the RBPT. Samples showing visible agglutination within 4 mins. were regarded as positive for anti- Brucella antibodies. Data were analyzed statistically by the Chi- square test using the SpSS software, at p ≤ 0.05 level of significance. Out of the 400 ovine and caprine sera tested, 125 (38%) were positive for anti – Brucella antibodies by the RBPT (Table 3). The rate of seropositivity was higher in goats (69.3%) than in sheep (18.6%) (Table 2). There were variations in seroreactivity from different regions. For instance, sera from Al- Hesha and Gandola exhibited 100% positivity, whereas those from both species in Al- Gagab were remarkably sero-negative (0%) (Table 3). Striking differences were shown by the sera from Gandola and Ain- Mara. Where all the caprine sera from Gandola were positive for anti – Brucella antibodies, all the 18 sera from Ain- Mara were serologically negative. Serum reactivity from both goats and sheep in other regions ranged between 60 and 83.3% in goats and 11.5 and 23.3% in sheep (Table 3). It can be concluded that the prevalence of anti- Brucella antibodies is high in small ruminants of Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar, Libya and may indicate a possible existence of Brucellosis in goats and sheep.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Acha, N. P., and Szyfres B. (2003). Zoonoses and Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals. 3rd ed. Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC. p1.

Ali, F., H.M. , and Mahdey E. M. (2010). Incidence of Brucella Species in Slaughtered Food Animals and its Edible Offal at Benisuef, Egypt. Global Veterinaria 5(5):248-254.

Almuneef, M. A., Memish Z. A., Balkhy H. H., Alotaibi B., Algoda S., and Abbas M. (2004). Importance of screening household members of acute brucellosis cases in endemic areas. Epidemiol Infect 132(3):433-540. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268803001857

Alton, G. G., Jones L. M., Angus R. D., and Verger J. M. (1988). Techniques for Brucellosis. Institute National de le recherché Agronomique, 174 de luniversite, 75007, Paris.

Amin, K. M. R., Rahman M. B., Rahman M. S., Han J. C., Park J. H., and Chae J. S. (2005). Prevalence of Brucella antibodies in sera of cows in Bangladesh. Journal of Veterinary Science 6(223-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2005.6.3.223

Andreani, E., Prosperi S., Salim A. H., and Arush A. M. (1983). Serological and bacteriological investigation on brucellosis in domestic ruminants of the Somali Democratic Republic. Rev. Elev. Méd. Vét. Pays Trop. 35(329-333.

Atluri V.L., Xavier M.N., de Jong M.F., den Hartigh A.B., and Tsolis R. M. (2011). Interactions of the human pathogenic Brucella species with their hosts. Annu. Rev. Microbiol 65(523–541. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-090110-102905

Benkirane, A. (2006). Ovine and caprine brucellosis: world distribution and control/eradication strategies in the West Asia/North Africa region. Small Rum. Res 62(19-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.07.032

Coelhoa , A. M., and Coelho A. C. (2013). Seroprevalence of sheep and goat brucellosis in the northeast of Portugal. Arch Med Vet 45(167-172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0301-732X2013000200008

DaSilva, J. P., Rangal C. P., Da Fonseca A. H., De Moris E., and Barbosa J. D. (2014). Serological survey and risk factors for brucellosis in water buffaloes in the states of Para, Brazil.Trop. Ainm Health Prod 46(2):385-389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-013-0501-5

Elarbi, A. (1997). Serological study on brucellosis in farm animals in the Yafran municipality, Al Jabal: al Gharbi University; [In Arabic].

Gameel, S. E., Mohamed S. O., Mustafa A. A., and Azwai S. M. (1993). Prevalence of camel brucellosis in Libya. Trop Anim Health Prod 25(2):91-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02236513

Gargouri, N., Walke H., Belbeisi A., Hadadin A., Salah S., and Ellis A. (2009). Estimated burden of human Salmonella, Shigella, and Brucella infections in Jordan, 2003-2004. Foodborne Pathog Dis 6(4):481-486. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2008.0192

Holt, H. R., Eltholth M. M., Hegazy Y. M., El-Tras W. F., Tayel A. A., and Javier G. (2011). Brucella spp. infection in large ruminants in an endemic area of Egypt: cross-sectional study investigating seroprevalence, risk factors and livestock owner’s knowledge, attitudes and practices. . Public Health 11( 341:343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-341

Ismaily, S. I., Harby H. A., and Nicoletti P. (1988). Prevalence of Brucella antibodies in four animal species in the Sultanate of Oman. Trop. Anim. Hlth Prod 20(269-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02239996

Kassahun, A., Yilkal A., Esayas G., and Gelagay A. (2010). Brucellosis in extensive management systems of Zebu cattle in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 5(257-263.

Makita K, Fèvre E. M., Waiswa C., Kaboyo W., De Clare Bronsvoort B. M., and Eisler M. C. (2008). Human brucellosis in urban and peri-urban areas of Kampala, Uganda. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1149(309-311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1428.015

Mustafa, Y. S., Awan F. N., and Hazeen K. (2011). Prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goat. Sci. Int 23(3):211-212.

Ndarathi, C. M., and Waghela S. (1991). Brucellosis in Maasai livestock in Kajiado district in Kenya. Indian J. Anim. Sci 61(156-157.

Ocholi, R. A., Kwaga J. K. P., Ajogi I., and Bale J. O. O. (2005). Abortion due to Brucella abortus in sheep in Nigeria. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz 24(973-979. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.24.3.1627

Omer, M. K., Skjerve E., Holstad G., Woldehiwet Z., and Macmillan A. P. (2000). Prevalence of antibodies to Brucella spp. in cattle, sheep, goats, horses and camels in the State of Eritrea; influence of husbandry systems. Epidemiol. Infect 125(447-453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268899004501

Pappas, G., Papadimitriou P., Akritidis N., Christou L., and Tsianos E. V. (2006). The new global map of human brucellosis. Lancet Infect Dis 6(2):91-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70382-6

Radostits, O. M., Gay C. C., D.C. B., and Hinchcliff K. W. (2000). Veterinary medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses, 9th Ed. WB Saunders Co., London.

Refai, M.-.-. (2002). Incidence and control of brucellosis in the near east region. Vet Microbiol 90(1-4):81-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00248-1

Reviriego, F., Moreno M. A., and Domínguez L. (2000). Risk factors for brucellosis seroprevalence of sheep and goat flocks in Spain. Prev Vet Med 44(167-173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(00)00108-2

S.I.B., C., I.F. I., H.E. O., H.K. A., and J.A. S. (2006). Serological survey of brucellosis in livestock animals and workers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr. Biomed. Res 9(163-168.

Samaha, H., Mohamed T. R., Khoudair R. M., and Ashour H. M. (2009). Sero-diagnosis of Brucellosis in, Cattle and Humans in Egypt. Immunobiol 214(223-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2008.07.011

Seleem, M. N., Boyle S. M., and Sriranganathan N. (2010). Brucellosis: Are-emerging zoonosis. Vet. Microbiol 140(392-398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.06.021

Tiller, R. V., De BK B., M, Huynh L. Y., Van Ert M. N., and Wagner D. M. (2009). Comparison of two multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis methods for molecular strain typing of human Brucella melitensis isolates from the Middle East. J Clin Microbiol 47(7):2226-2231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02362-08

Webb, R. F., Quinn C. A., Cockram F. A., and Husband A. J. (1980). Evaluation of procedures for the diagnosis of Brucella ovis infection in rams. Aust. Vet. J 56(4):172-175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1980.tb05673.x