The Effect of Some Pesticides on the Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) the Predator of citrus mealy bug Planococcus citri (Risso) (Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae, Hemiptera)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54172/mjsc.v7i1.406Keywords:
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant , Planococcus citri, Pesticides , citrus mealy bugAbstract
A new version of insect control has been implemented in the last decade or so, after the hazardous effect of various pesticides on both the beneficial arthropods and the environment was observed. The integrated control started to gain acceptability by agriculture workers for its great advantages. The goal of this study to contribute more information about insecticides selectivity on Cryptolaenius tnontrouzieri the natural predator of the citrus mealy bug Panococcus citri so that some of these chemicals might be implemented in integrated control program. The results of the duration of the harmful activity indicated that, Methidthion were short–lived insecticide, less than 3 days and Methomyl, Propoxture and Permethrin was slightly persistent less than 13 days. Therefore; Cryptolaemus nontrouzieri could be released safely in the field without the risk of side–effects two weeks after treatment with these compounds. Few of these compounds namely, Benzoximate, Pirimiphose–methyl, Lindane and Sulphur inspite of less toxic than previous compounds did have long term effect on fecundity.
Downloads
References
Abbott, W.S. (1925). A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol. 18: 265–267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/18.2.265a
Bartlett, R.B. (1963). The contact toxicity of some pesticides residues to hymenopterous parasites and coccinellid predators. J. Econ. Entomol. 56: 694–697. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/56.5.694
Bartlett, R.B. (1966). Toxicity and acceptance of some pesticides fed to parasitic hymenoptera and predatory coccinellids. J. Econ. Entomol. 59: 1142–1149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/59.5.1142
Bedford, E.C.G. (1973). Citrus scale insects biological control proves successful in South Africa. The fruit World and Market Grower. 74: 29–31.
Chacko, M.J.; Krishnamoorthy Bhat, P.; Anaiidarao, L.V. (1978). The use of the ladybird beetle Cryptolaemus rnontrouzieri for the control of coffee mealy bug. J. Coffee. Res. 8:14–19.
Chacko, M.J.; Krishnamoorthy Bhat, P.; Anandarao, L.V. and Deepaksing, M.B. (1979). Influence of some contact insecticides on adult of Cryptolaeinus rnontrouzieri in placrosym 11 (proceeding of the second annual symposium on plantation crops. Pp. 258–262.
Clausen, C.P. (1956). Entornophogous insect. McGraw Hill, New York. 256 pp.
Copland, MJ.W. (1982). Temperature constraints in the control of mealy bug and scale insects. Bull. O.I.L.B./5. R.O.B., 1982, 142–145.
Dean, H.A.; Hart, W.G. and Ingle, A. (1971). Citrus mealybug a potential problem on Texas grape fruit. J. Rio. Grande. Vail. Hort. Soc. 15: 46–53.
Fisher, T.W. (1963). Mass culture of Cryptolaemus and Leptornostix atural enemis of citrus mealybug. Calif. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. No. 797.
Franz, J.M. (1977). WPRS/HOBC Working group protocol for tests on side effect of pestihcides to beneficial arthropods. Comm. European Communities. 245–248.
Franz, J.M.; Bogenscliutz, H.; Hassaii, S.A.; Huang, P.; Nation, E.; Suter, H. and Vigglani, G. (1980) Result of a joint pesticides test programme by the working group Q “pesticides and betiificial arthropods”. Entomophaga 25: 231–236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02371922
Hassan, S.A. (1977). Standardized techniques for testing side—effects of pesticide on beneficial arthropods in laboratory. Z. Pflkrank. Prlschutz. 84: 158–163.
Hassan, S.A. (1982). Activities and aims of the IOBC/WPRS Working group “Pesticide and beneficial arthropods”, WPRS 9th General assembly WPRS Bulletin.
Harries, E. A; Valcarce, A.C. (1955). Laboratory test of the effect of insecticides on some beneficial insects. J. Econ. Entomol. 48: 614–617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/48.5.614
Krishnamoorthy Bhat, P; Chacko, M.J. and sreedharan, K. (1979). Biology of the lady bird beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant a predator of mealy bugs in placrosyn 11 (Proceeding of the second annual symposium on plantation crops) PP. 221–226.
Meyerdrik, D.E.; French, J.V. and Hart, W.G. (1982). Effect of pesticides residues on the natural enemies of citrus mealybug. Environ. Entomol. 11: 134–136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/11.1.134
Pussard, R. (1939). Acclimation de Cryptolaemus montrouzieri C.R. Acad. Agric. Fr. 24: 974–976.
Travis, J.W.; Hall, L.A. and Miner, J.D. (1978). Toxicity of insecticides to the abhid predator Coccinella novemnotata Environ. Entomol. 7: 785–786. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/7.6.785
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Ifdial. Omar. El–Awami
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright of the articles Published by Almukhtar Journal of Science (MJSc) is retained by the author(s), who grant MJSc a license to publish the article. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors and cite MJSc as original publisher. Also they accept the article remains published by MJSc website (except in occasion of a retraction of the article).
