Effects of Four Organophosphorus Insecticides Use to Control Aphis Compositellae Theobald on Some of Their Natural Enemies
Keywords:
insecticides, the aphid–parasite (A. tronscaspicus Telenga), coccinellid (Coccinella septempunctata L.), toxicityAbstract
Results of laboratory studies indicated that the used insecticides (Supracide®, Nogos®, Diazinon®, and Ekatin®, were deadly to the aphid–parasite (A. tronscaspicus Telenga) which was very sensitive even to the low concentrations of the insecticide residues, while individuals inside the mummified aphid that directly exposed to the spray were unaffected except upon contact with residues after eclosion from the mummified aphid. Also, coccinellid popae (Coccinella septempunctata L.) were shown to be highly tolerant as compared with larvae and adults in the direct exposure for deadly concentrations of the insecticides to the aphids. Results also indicated that Ekatim® and Nogos®, respectively, have selective toxicity to the aphid rather than to the coccinellid predator, whereas supracide® and Diazinon® were very toxic to the aphid and their natural enemies as well.
Downloads
References
محمد عبد الكريم هاشم وإبراهيم عبد الرسول الجابري ، 1986 . مقارنة سمية بعض المبيدات الحشرية حقليا إلى خنفساء اللوبيا الجنوبية Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) مجلة زراعة الرادفين ، 18 (1) : 171-179 .
منصور ، سميح عبد القادر ، نهرين ميخائيل يوحنا ، منى حسين علي ، ونجلة عبد الرحمن 1983 . سمية بعض المبيدات الحشرية للبق الدقيقي Nipeaccous vastator (Mask) والمفترس Dicrodiplesis sp. . الكتاب السنوي لبحوث وقاية المزروعات . الهيئة العامة لوقاية المزروعات قسم بحوث الوقاية 3 (2) : 15-22 .
محمود ، طلال طاهر ، (1994) ، دراسة التأثير الفسيولوجي لمبيد Pirimicarb على مفترس السيرفد ونسبة موت المن . دراسات (العلوم البحثية والتطبيقية) ، المجلد الحادي والعشرون (ب) العدد السادس (1994) ، عمان ، الأردن .
Abbott, W.S. 1952. A mathod of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol, 18 : 265–267.
Al–Rawy, M.A., I.K. Kadou and P. Stary. 1969. Selectivity of three insecticides used in integrated control of Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffr.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Iraq. Bull. Biol. Biol. Res. Centre 4 : 13–29.
Begenschutz, H. 1975. Testing the effects of pesticides on beneficial insects: Result of laboratory method with the Ichneumonid Coccygonimus turionellae (L.) Zeitschrift fur an gewandte Entemologie 77 (4): 438–444, in Rev. Appl. Entomol. Ser. A. 64 (3): 1445, 1976.
Cloutier, C. and M. Mackauer. 1979. The effect of parasitism by Aphidius smithi (Hymeneptera: Aphididae) on the food budget of the pea aphid Acyrthesiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphidae). Canadian J. Zoology. 57 (8): 1605–1611, in Rev. Appl Entomol. Ser. A. 68 (4): 239, 1980.
Daoud, A. A. K. and H. El–Haidari. 1968. Recorded aphids of Iraq. Natural History Museum, Univ. of Baghdad Pub. No. 24, 37 PP.
DeBach, P. and B. Bartlett. 1951. Effects of insecticides on biological control of insect pests of citrus. J. Econ. Entomol. 44 (5): 779–784.
Ripper, W. E., R. M. Greenslande, and G. S. Hartley. 1951. Selective insecticides and biological control. J. Econ, Entomol. 44 (4): 448–459.
Singh, D.S., S. dhingra, V.S. Saxena, V.S. Srivastava, P. Sircar, and R. Lal. 1979. Relative resistance of aphid predator, Coccinella septempunctata L. to insecticides, India J. Entomol. 41 (2): 149–154, in Rev, Appl. Entomol. Ser, A. 68 (3): 219, 1980.
Sun, Y.P., 1950. Toxicity index–an improved method of comparing the relative toxicty of insecticides. J. Econ, Entomol. 43 (1): 45–53.
Weires, R.W., J.R. Leeper, W.H. Reissig, and S.E. Ldenk, 1982. Toxicity of several insecticides to the spotted tentiform leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and its parasite, Apanteles ernigis. J. Econ. Entomol. 75 (4): 680–684.
Wilkinson, J.D., K.D. Biever, and C.M. Ignoffo, 1975. Contact toxicity of some chemical and biological pesticides to several insect parasitoids and predators. Entomophaga 20 (1): 113–120, in Rev. Appl. Entomol. Ser, A. 64 (3): 1447, 1976.
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Ibrahim A.R. Al–Jabery, Abdul Baki M.H. Ali Ali
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright of the articles Published by Almukhtar Journal of Science (MJSc) is retained by the author(s), who grant MJSc a license to publish the article. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors and cite MJSc as original publisher. Also they accept the article remains published by MJSc website (except in occasion of a retraction of the article).
