Hydrolytic Behavior of Ions
Keywords:
chorides, sulphates, potentiometrically, aqueous solutions, thermodynamic properties, hydrolysis, polymerisationAbstract
Hydrolysis of doubly and tribly – charged ions of the transition metal chorides, sulphates, and nitrates was studied potentiometrically with a glass – calomel electrode system at 25°C, Without the addition of any supporting electrolytes . The sequences of the changes in acidity of these aqueous solutions have been examined as a function of the degree of hydration and thermodynamic properties of the cations and the anions. . The results of the studies on the state of ions in aqueous solutions at 25°C are surveyed, and the hydration, hydrolysis, and polymerisation, and complex formation processes involving the ions are discussed as a function of concentrations of its compounds, the pH of the medium, and the nature of the cations and anions. In general, these results are in qualitative agreement with those expected on the basis of a quantum – mechanical calculations of the dependence of the hydration energy on the charge of the cations and some other theoretical studies.
Downloads
References
Allakhverdov, G. R. (1985). Calculation of the Formation Constants of Singly Charged Complex of Bivalent Metals in Solutions. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 59 (1): 39–41.
Andreeva, T. A. and Bondarenko, E. M. (1986). Thermodynamic Basis of the Dissolution of Electrolytes in Water. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 60 (8): 1211–1213 .
Balyatinskaya, L. N. (1979). The Solvation of Mercury Ions and the Formation of Their Complexes in Water and Non–aqueous Solvents. Russ. Chem. Rev. 48 (4): 418 –
.
Burgess, J. (1988). Ions in Solution: Basic Principles of Chemical Interactions. Ellis Horwood Ltd., England.
Burkov, K. A.; Bus’ko, E. A.; Lilich, L.S., and Ivanova, I. N. (1982). The Hydrolysis of Copper (11) Ions at 25C and 50C. 27 (6): 819 –822.
Davydov, Yu. P. (1978). State of Radionucleides in Solutions. Izd. Nauka I Tekhnika , Minsk . P. 224.
Huheey, J. E. (1983). Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity . Harper and Row, Publishers, New York, P. 295.
Ivanov, A. A. (1986). Electrical Conductivity of Solutions in the H2SO4- Na2SO4– H2O System. Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 31 (6) : 877-880.
Ivanov, V. P. (1979). Negative Hydration in Aqueous Solutions of Electrolytes. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 53 (12): 1793–1795.
Kalyamin, A. V. and Bazlii, V. N. (1979). Exclusion Chromatographic Investigation of Hydrolysis in Solutions of Iron (lll) Nitrate . Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 24 (4): 622–624.
Krestov , G. A. (1991) . Thermodynamics of Solvation . Ellis Horwood Ltd., England .
Makashev, Yu. A. and Mironov, V. E. (1980). Outer–Sphere Interactions in Solutions of Labile Complexes. Russ. Chem. Rev 49 (7): 631–644.
Mirsalikhov, B. A., Lanshina , L. V. and Figurovskii, N. A. (1981). Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 55 (1): 123–124.
Phillips, C. S. G. and Williams, R. J. P. (1966). Inorganic Chemistry. Oxford University Press. U. K. Part I and II.
Pinchuk , V. M. and Korobskii , V. A. (1983). A Quantum–mechanical Study of the Dependence of the Hydration Energy on the Charge of the Cation. Russ. J. Inorg . Chem. 28 (6) : 769 – 771.
Pinchuk, V. M.; Korobskii, V. A., and Shevardina, L. B. (1984). Dependence of the Solvation Energy on the Electronic Structure of Cations and Ligands. Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 29 (5): 637–638.
Pinchuk, V. M.; Pinchuk, A. M., and Shevardina, L. B. (1986). Solvation of Ions and Molecules in Strong Electric Fields. IV. The Ion Pairs Li+ … OH2… X– Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 60 (7): 1042–1043.
Sevryukov, N. N. and Emel’yanov , V. I. (1981). The Hydrolysis of Iron (lll) Sulphate in Aqueous Solutions. Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 26 (5): 689–692.
Vasin, S. K.; Aleshko–Ozhevskii, Yu. P., and Nosov, G. E. (1979). Ionic Association in Aqueous Solutions of Alkali Metal Sulphates II. Metal Sulphate–Sulphuric Acid–Water Solutions. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 53 (11): 1634–1636.
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Saber El-Sayed Mansour almismary
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright of the articles Published by Almukhtar Journal of Science (MJSc) is retained by the author(s), who grant MJSc a license to publish the article. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors and cite MJSc as original publisher. Also they accept the article remains published by MJSc website (except in occasion of a retraction of the article).
