Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia coli from Urine Isolates
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54172/mjsc.v37i4.939Keywords:
Urinary tract infection, Antimicrobial resistance, E. coli, AntibiogramAbstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are predominantly caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli). Increasing E. coli resistance to antibiotics is a major concern worldwide. Since UTIs are often treated by trial and error, measuring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is important. However, there isn't much information about the rate of antimicrobial resistance to E. coli in the Libyan community. To determine rate of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of E. coli urine isolates, in Al-Bayda, Libya. A retrospective study, in which 104 E. coli urine isolates were conducted using the antimicrobial susceptibility profile (antibiogram) of six different antibiotics against E. coli, isolates, were collected from several medical laboratories. Out of the 104 E. coli urine isolates, the MDR was 39.4%. The overall frequency of isolates resistant to ceftriaxone was 62.5%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)(54.8%), Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (47.11%), ciprofloxacin (26%), nitrofurantoin (18.26%), and levofloxacin (15.4%). Prevalence of AMR among Libyan outpatient urine-isolated E. coli was high, with a high incidence of multidrug-resistance. The knowledge of antibiotic resistance rates in the region helps inform empiric treatment of community-onset UTI and highlights the antibiotic resistance profile to clinicians.
Downloads
References
Aabed, K., Moubayed, N., & Alzahrani, S. (2021). Antimicrobial resistance patterns among different Escherichia coli isolates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 28(7), 3776-3782.
Abduzaimovic, A., Aljicevic, M., Rebic, V., Vranic, S. M., Abduzaimovic, K., & Sestic, S. (2016). Antibiotic resistance in urinary isolates of Escherichia coli. Materia socio-medica, 28(6), 416.
Abernethy, J., Guy, R., Sheridan, E., Hopkins, S., Kiernan, M., Wilcox, M., Johnson, A., & Hope, R . (2017). The E. coli bacteraemia sentinel surveillance group. Epidemiology of Escherichia coli bacteraemia in England: Results of an enhanced sentinel surveillance programme. J. Hosp. Infect, 95, 365-375.
Abujnah, A. A., Zorgani, A., Sabri, M. A., El-Mohammady, H., Khalek, R. A., & Ghenghesh, K. S. (2015). Multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamases genes among Escherichia coli from patients with urinary tract infections in Northwestern Libya. Libyan Journal of Medicine, 10(1).
Ali, I., Rafaque, Z., Ahmed, S., Malik, S., & Dasti, J. I. (2016). Prevalence of multi-drug resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Potohar region of Pakistan. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 6(1), 60-66.
Alqasim, A., Abu Jaffal, A., & Alyousef, A. A. (2018). Prevalence of multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase carriage of clinical uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. International journal of microbiology, 2018.
Bartoletti, R., Cai, T., Wagenlehner, F. M., Naber, K., & Johansen, T. E. B. (2016). Treatment of urinary tract infections and antibiotic stewardship. European Urology Supplements, 15(4), 81-87.
Bonkat, G., Pickard, R., Bartoletti, R., Bruyère, F., Geerlings, S., Wagenlehner, F., Wullt, B., Pradere, B., & Veeratterapillay, R. (2018). Urological infections. Arnhem: European Association of Urology.
Buzayan, M., Tobgi, R., & Taher, I. (2010). Detection of extended spectrum ß-lactamases among urinary Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from two centres. Jamahiriya Med J, 10, 10-16.
Clinical, & Institute, L. S. (2012). Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically; approved standard—9th ed. CLSI document: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Wayne, PA.
Cunha, M. A., Assunção, G. L. M., Medeiros, I. M., & Freitas, M. R. (2016). Antibiotic resistance patterns of urinary tract infections in a northeastern Brazilian capital. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 58.
da Silva, R. C. R. M., Júnior, P. d. O. M., Gonçalves, L. F., de Paulo Martins, V., de Melo, A. B. F., Pitondo-Silva, A., & de Campos, T. A. (2017). Ciprofloxacin resistance in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates causing community-acquired urinary infections in Brasília, Brazil. Journal of global antimicrobial resistance, 9, 61-67.
Dandachi, I., Chaddad, A., Hanna, J., Matta, J., & Daoud, Z. (2019) . Understanding the epidemiology of multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacilli in the Middle East using a one health approach. Frontiers in microbiology, 10, 1941.
Deshpande, K., Pichare, A., Suryawanshi, N., & Davane, M. (2011). Antibiogram of gram negative uropathogens in hospitalized patients. Int J Recent Trends Sci Technol, 1(2), 56-60.
Drago, L., De Vecchi, E., Mombelli, B., Nicola, L., Valli, M., & Gismondo, M. (2001). Activity of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against urinary pathogens. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 48(1), 37-45.
Elsayah, K., Atia, A., & Bkhait, N. (2017). Antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Tripoli city, Libya. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, 7(4).
Erb, S., Frei, R., Sutter, S. T., Egli, A., Dangel, M., Bonkat, G., & Widmer, A. F. (2018). Basic patient characteristics predict antimicrobial resistance in E. coli from urinary tract specimens: a retrospective cohort analysis of 5246 urine samples. Swiss medical weekly(45).
Fasugba, O., Gardner, A., Mitchell, B. G., & Mnatzaganian, G. (2015). Ciprofloxacin resistance in community-and hospital-acquired Escherichia coli urinary tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC infectious diseases, 15(1), 1-16.
Forsyth, V. S., Armbruster, C. E., Smith, S. N., Pirani, A., Springman, A. C., Walters, M. S., Nielubowicz, G. R., Himpsl, S. D., Snitkin, E. S., & Mobley, H. L. (2018). Rapid growth of uropathogenic Escherichia coli during human urinary tract infection. MBio, 9(2), e00186-00118.
Gashe, F., Mulisa, E., Mekonnen, M., & Zeleke, G. (2018). Antimicrobial resistance profile of different clinical isolates against third-generation cephalosporins. Journal of pharmaceutics, 2018.
Ghenghesh, K., Altomi, A., Gashout, S., & Abouhagar, B. (2003). High antimicrobial-resistance rates of Escherichia coli from urine specimens in Tripoli-Libya. Garyounis Med J, 20, 89-93.
Ghenghesh, K., Rahouma, A., Tawil, K., Zorgani, A., & Franka, E. (2013). Antimicrobial resistance in Libya: 1970-2011. Lybian J Med. 2013; 8: 1-8: PubMed.
Grabe, M., Bartoletti, R., Bjerklund-Johansen, T., Cai, T., Cek, M., Köves, B., & Wullt, B. (2015). Guidelines on urological infections. European Association of Urology Web site.
Haque, R., Akter, M., & Salam, M. (2015). Prevalence and susceptibility of uropathogens: a recent report from a teaching hospital in Bangladesh. BMC research notes, 8(1), 1-5.
Ismail, F., Agila, A., Almahdi, A., Mohammed, H., Saleh, Z., Safe, S., & Abdesalem, A. (2018). Urinary Tract Infection in Eastern Libya During One Decade and Preventive Healthy Diet https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324533577
Jancel, T., & Dudas, V. (2002). Management of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. The Western journal of medicine, 176(1), 51.
Karam, M. R. A., Habibi, M., & Bouzari, S. (2019). Urinary tract infection: Pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance and development of effective vaccines against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Molecular immunology, 108, 56-67.
Kathia, U. M., Munir, T., Fateh, F., Ahmad, A., Amjad, A., & Afzal, M. F. (2020). Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns: Review of the Antibiogram of a Surgical Unit in a Public Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan. Cureus, 12(10).
Keah, S. H., Wee, E. C., Chng, K. S., & Keah, K. C. (2007). Antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired uropathogens in general practice. Malaysian family physician: the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia, 2(2), 64.
Khatri, S., Pant, N. D., Neupane, S., Bhandari, S., & Banjara, M. R. (2017). Biofilm production in relation to extended spectrum beta-lactamase production and antibiotic resistance among uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science, 5(1), 61-63.
Kot, B. (2019). Antibiotic Resistance Among Uropathogenic. Polish journal of microbiology, 68(4), 403-415.
Kumarasamy, K. K., Toleman, M. A., Walsh, T. R., Bagaria, J., Butt, F., Balakrishnan, R., Chaudhary, U., Doumith, M., Giske, C. G., & Irfan, S. (2010). Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: a molecular, biological, and epidemiological study. The Lancet infectious diseases, 10(9), 597-602.
Lavigne, J.-P., Bruyère, F., Bernard, L., Combescure, C., Ronco, E., Lanotte, P., Coloby, P., Thibault, M., Cariou, G., & Desplaces, N. (2016). Resistance and virulence potential of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients hospitalized in urology departments: a French prospective multicentre study. Journal of medical microbiology, 65(6), 530-537.
Medina, M., & Castillo-Pino, E. (2019). An introduction to the epidemiology and burden of urinary trac infections. Ther Adv Urol 2019; 11: 3–7.
Munkhdelger, Y., Gunregjav, N., Dorjpurev, A., Juniichiro, N., & Sarantuya, J. (2017). Detection of virulence genes, phylogenetic group and antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Mongolia. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 11(01), 51-57.
Niranjan, V., & Malini, A. (2014). Antimicrobial resistance pattern in Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection among inpatients. The Indian journal of medical research, 139(6), 945.
Paterson, D. (2000). Recommendation for treatment of severe infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6(9), 460-463.
Pfeifer, Y., Cullik, A., & Witte, W. (2010). Resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. International Journal of medical microbiology, 300(6), 371-379.
Prakash, D., & Saxena, R. S. (2013). Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial pathogens causing urinary tract infection in urban community of meerut city, India. International scholarly research notices, 2013.
Raeispour, M., & Ranjbar, R. (2018). Antibiotic resistance, virulence factors and genotyping of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 7(1), 1-9.
Ramírez-Castillo, F. Y., Moreno-Flores, A. C., Avelar-González, F. J., Márquez-Díaz, F., Harel, J., & Guerrero-Barrera, A. L. (2018). An evaluation of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in urinary tract infections from Aguascalientes, Mexico: cross-sectional study. Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials, 17(1), 1-13.
Rowe, T. A., & Juthani-Mehta, M. (2013). Urinary tract infection in older adults. Aging health, 9(5), 519-528.
Sanchez, G. V., Baird, A., Karlowsky, J., Master, R., & Bordon, J. (2014). Nitrofurantoin retains antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant urinary Escherichia coli from US outpatients. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 69(12), 3259-3262.
Shakhatreh, M. A. K., Swedan, S. F., Ma'en, A., & Khabour, O. F. (2019). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in Jordan: Prevalence of urovirulence genes and antibiotic resistance. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 31(4), 648-652.
Shuaib, M. J., Shailabi, T. I., Borwis, E. O., & Muhammed, A. S. (2021). Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Citrus Lemon Against Streptococcus Pyogenes And Escherichia Coli.
Tabasi, M., Karam, M. R. A., Habibi, M., Yekaninejad, M. S., & Bouzari, S. (2015). Phenotypic assays to determine virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates and their correlation with antibiotic resistance pattern. Osong public health and research perspectives, 6(4), 261-268.
van Driel, A. A., Notermans, D., Meima, A., Mulder, M., Donker, G., Stobberingh, E., & Verbon, A. (2019). Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from uncomplicated UTI in general practice patients over a 10-year period. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 38(11), 2151-2158.
Wagenlehner, F. M., Weidner, W., & Naber, K. G. (2007). Therapy for prostatitis, with emphasis on bacterial prostatitis. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 8(11), 1667-1674.
Walker, E., Lyman, A., Gupta, K., Mahoney, M. V., Snyder, G. M., & Hirsch, E. B. (2016). Clinical management of an increasing threat: outpatient urinary tract infections due to multidrug-resistant uropathogens. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 63(7), 960-965.
WHO, W. H. O. (2020). Global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (GLASS) report: early implementation 2020.
WHO, W. H. O. (2021). Global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system (GLASS) report: 2021
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Taher I. Mahmod Shailabi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright of the articles Published by Almukhtar Journal of Science (MJSc) is retained by the author(s), who grant MJSc a license to publish the article. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors and cite MJSc as original publisher. Also they accept the article remains published by MJSc website (except in occasion of a retraction of the article).
